Last year I had the opportunity to visit Toronto, in Canada, on a fleeting business trip. I must say, it’s a very nice city and the people were wonderful. But one thing puzzled me. The whole downtown area was connected by miles of subways. It was possible to walk from one side of the city to other, to shop, to eat, to sit and drink coffee – all underground. It’s a strange subterranean world. When I commented on this architectural oddity to a local resident she just gave me a knowing look. “When you have six feet of snow for six months of the year, why would you want to walk outside?”
This seems to me to be a very sensible way of dealing with a harsh climate. Unfortunately in Britain we have neither the common sense nor the fortitude of the people of Toronto. The South East of England received 10-20cm of snow this week and, predictably, everything ground to a halt. I don’t know whether all the stressed-out workers are looking for any excuse to take a day off or whether we’ve lost any sort of self-reliance, but either way it’s a pretty poor show.
And me? I love snow. I like nothing better than getting out and exploring after a decent fall of snow, and since I became interested in tracking I like it even more. Tracks in the snow offer a real window into what’s been happening, what animals have been out and what they have been doing. Naturalists have used all sorts of techniques to record the movements of wild animals, from radio transmitters to long pieces of string. A couple of inches of snow will do the same job in a much more interesting way.
On Saturday I wrapped Scarlett in her warmest clothes and headed out. I couldn’t take her too far, but we had a nice walk around the fields. Long enough for me to show her the common tracks in the area.
Here’s the most common – rabbit tracks. Every now and then I come across someone who says they’ve found strange and enormous paw prints, but what they’ve seen is not the marks of giant toes but the tracks of all four feet of a rabbit.
Rabbit tracks
Which way was the rabbit travelling? That’s right – left to right.
There seemed to be a lot of fox tracks around. We live in an area where there is a lot of rearing (and shooting) of game birds, so foxes are not exactly popular. We used to see far more of them when we lived in London.
Fox tracks are small, neat and diamond-shaped, with four toes and a heel pad. Notice how the small heel pad forms a straight line at the back of the track, almost like a straight bar.
Fox track
It can be easy to confuse fox tracks with those of dogs. Most dog tracks are broader than fox’s, with the toes more widely-spread. The heel pad is usually larger too.
Dog track - note the wider shape and the spread of the toes
However, dogs come in all shapes and sizes. Some dogs are bigger than others. The tracks of small, terrier-like dogs can look very similar in shape to fox tracks. The way to tell them apart is the spacing between the front and rear toes. Look at the fox track again. The front toes are forward of a line drawn across the ends of the rear toes. In a dog, the front toes overlap with this line.
Fox track - front toes forward of rear ones
Another quick way of telling fox and dog tracks apart is to look at the trail – the series of tracks. Fox trails always seem to be very purposeful. Foxes seem to walk in a straight line, one track in front of another. The tracks have a direct register, in other words the fox puts its hind feet into the tracks of its front feet. To the novice, it can look as if the fox is walking on its hind feet like a human.
Dog tracks, on the other hand, don’t quite register, so you’ll get front and rear tracks close to each other but not quite overlapping. Dogs don’t seem to have the same sense of purpose as foxes – dog tracks will often meander around as the dog wanders this way and that. With a bit of practice you can tell dog tracks from fox tracks without having to look closely at the individual prints.
The temperature hasn’t risen much above freezing all weekend, so hopefully the snow will last for a while yet. That suits me fine. Tracking in snow is absolutely fascinating. Put it this way, if I lived in Toronto I’d happily venture above ground to spend months tracking the local wildlife.
Tales from the Wood - The Diary of a Badger Watching Man 